LESSON PLANNING PROCEDURES
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Time -- we only have so much of it. The effective teacher cannot create a single extra second of the day -- any more than anyone can. But the effective teacher certainly controls the way time is used. Effective teachers systematically and carefully plan for productive use of instructional time.
One of the primary roles that you will perform as a teacher is that of designer and implementor of instruction. Teachers at every level prepare plans that aid in the organization and delivery of their daily lessons. These plans vary widely in the style and degree of specificity. Some instructors prefer to construct elaborate detailed and impeccably typed outlines; others rely on the briefest of notes handwritten on scratch pads or on the backs of discarded envelopes. Regardless of the format, all teachers need to make wise decisions about the strategies and methods they will employ to help students move systematically toward learner goals.
Teachers need more that a vague, or even a precise, notion of educational goals and objectives to be able to sequence these objectives or to be proficient in the skills and knowledge of a particular discipline. The effective teacher also needs to develop a plan to provide direction toward the attainment of the selected objectives. The more organized a teacher is, the more effective the teaching, and thus the learning, is. Writing daily lesson plans is a large part of being organized.
Several lesson plan outlines will be presented. You as a teacher will probably begin by choosing a desirable outline and sticking fairly close to it. Planning and classroom delivery innovations usually come once you are in the classroom with your own set of learners, have developed your own instructional resources, and have experimented with various strategies. Although fundamental lesson planning elements tend to remain unchanged, their basic formula is always modified to suit the individual teacher's lesson preparation or style of presentation.
The lesson plan is a dreaded part of instruction that most teachers detest. It nevertheless provides a guide for managing the learning environment and is essential if a substitute teacher is to be effective and efficient. Three stages of lesson planning follow:
Stage 1: Pre-Lesson Preparation
Stage 2: Lesson Planning and Implementation
Stage 3: Post-Lesson Activities
Lesson planning involves much more than making arbitrary decisions about "what I'm going to teach today." Many activities precede the process of designing and implementing a lesson plan. Similarly, the job of systematic lesson planning is not complete until after the instructor has assessed both the learner's attainment of the anticipated outcomes and effectiveness of the lesson in leading learners to these outcomes.
One final word. Even teachers who develop highly structured and detailed plans rarely adhere to them in lock-step fashion. Such rigidity would probable hinder, rather than help, the teaching-learning process. The elements of your lesson plan should be thought of as guiding principles to be applied as aids, but not blueprints, to systematic instruction. Precise preparation must allow for flexible delivery. During actual classroom interaction, the instructor needs to make adaptations and to add artistry to each lesson plan and classroom delivery.
?What is IELTS
IELTS Test
International English Language Testing System ( IELTS ) is a test of English language proficiency. It is jointly managed by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, the British Council and IDP Education Australia.
IELTS Modules
:Candidates may choose either the Academic Module or the General Training Module
* The Academic Module is intended for those wishing to enrol in universities and other institutions of higher education.
* The General Training Module is intended for those planning to undertake non-academic training or to gain work experience, or for immigration purposes.
?Where is IELTS Accepted
IELTS is accepted by most Australian, British, Canadian, Irish, New Zealand and South African academic institutions, by many academic institutions in the United States, and also by various professional organisations.
IELTS Features
:The IELTS incorporates the following features
* A variety of accents and writing styles are presented in text materials in order to minimise linguistic bias. The test focuses on "International English", which includes British English, American English and other varieties.
* IELTS tests the ability to speak, read, listen and write in English.
* Two test formats can be chosen from - Academic and General Training.
* Band scores are used for each language sub-skill (Speaking, Listening, Reading and Writing). The Band Scale ranges from 1 ("Non User") to 9 ("Expert User").
:There are 2 versions of the test
the Academic Module and the General Training Module. The Academic Module is usually for people wanting to follow an Academic Course in English and the General Training Module is usually for people wanting to follow a non-academic course or for immigration. Both modules are in four parts: listening, reading, writing and speaking.
:IELTS is administered by 4 organisations
University of Cambridge ESOL Exams
The British Council
IDP Education Australia
IELTS Australia
IELTS has been accepted as the standard international test system for English language proficiency by a whole range of institutions. These include the majority of all education establishments operating in English in Australia, Canada, the UK and New Zealand. US educational institutions are also now starting to use it. Many international immigration services also use the IELTS as well as various professional organisations including the British and Australian Medical Councils and the UK Ministry of Defence.
Admit: To accept, to express one's guilt or responsibility
پذیرفتن، اقرار کردن
Adult: A grown person
بزرگسال
Advise: To help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision
نصیحت کردن، آگاهانیدن
Affect: To produce an effect on. To influence
اثر کردن
Afraid: Feeling fear
هراسان
Agency: An organization that is part of a larger group
نمایندگی
Agression: An attack against a person or country. The violation of a country's borders
تهاجم، تجاوز
Agriculture: Farming
کشاورزی
Aid: To help. To support. Help, assistance
کمک کردن، پشتیبانی کردن، دستیاری
Aim: To point a gun at. A goal or purpose
قراول رفتن، هدف
Air force: A military organization using airplanes
نیروی هوائی
Airplane: A vehicle with wings that flies
هواپیما
Airport: A place where airplanes take off and land
فرودگاه
Ally: A nation or person joined with another for a special purpose
هم پیمان
Almost: A little less than completely
تقریباً
Along: Near, or on
همراه، نزدیک
Although: Even if it is true that
اگرچه
Ambassador: A nation's highest diplomatic representativeto another government
سفیر
Amend: To add to or to change a proposal or law
اصلاح کردن
دلایل یادگیری انگلیسی به عنوان یک بزرگسال :
قبل از هر چیز خیلی مهم است که شما اهداف خودتان را از یادگیری انگلیسی به عنوان یک فرد بزرگسال در نظر بگیرید. ممکن است تا کنون به این مسئله فکر نکرده باشد که یادگیری انگلیسی چقدر می تواند برای شما مهم باشد. در ادامه دلایلی را که شما باید اقدام به یادگیری انگلیسی کنید ، بیان شده است.
1) ارتقاء شغلی :
یادگیری زبان انگلیسی می تواند یک راه بسیار مفید برای ارتقاء شغلی شما نیز باشد. تعداد زیادی از شرکت ها همیشه به دنبال کارمندانی هستند که قادر به صحبت کردن به زبان انگلیسی باشند. بنابراین توانایی صحبت به زبان انگلیسی هنگام درخواست های شغلی برای شما به عنوان یک امتیاز محصوب خواهد شد. هر چقدر که حیطه کاری آن شغل جهانی تر باشد توانایی صحبت به زبان انگلیسی نیز برای آن مهم تر خواهد بود. بنابراین از همین حالا اقدام به یادگیری زبان کنید.
2) سلامت مغز :
سالم نگه داشتن مغز بسیار مهم است و شما باید همیشه در حال یادگیری باشید تا بتوانید مغز خود را فعال نگه دارید. یادگیری انگلیسی در بزرگسالی می تواند به شما کمک کند که مغز خود را در وضعیت مناسبی نگه دارید و این موضوع اثبات شده است که شرکت در فعالیت هایی مانند یادگیری زبان می تواند خطر مشکلاتی مانند بیماری آلزایمر را کاهش دهد.
3) آموزش به فرزندانتان :
اگر خودتان نتوانید انگلیسی صحبت کنید ، آموزش زبان به فرزندانتان سخت خواهد بود و سخت تر از آن فهماندن این موضوع به آنان است که یادگیری انگلیسی چقدر اهمیت دارد. بنابراین اگر انگلیسی را فراگرفته باشید ، خواهید توانست دانش زبانی خود را به فرزندانتان نیز آموزش دهید ، حتی اگر آن ها هنوز خیلی جوان باشند.
4) فرصت های مسافرتی :
یکی از دلایل ضرورت یادگیری انگلیسی توسط بزرگسالان فرصت های مسافرتی است. بسیاری از افراد تصمیم می گیرند که تعطیلات را در یک کشور انگلیسی زبان بگذرانند و اگر زبان آن کشور را ندانند ، گشت و گذار در آن کشور دشوار خواهد بود. یادگیری انگلیسی راهی بسیار عالی برای کسانی خواهد بود که می خواهند به یک کشور انگلیسی زبان سفر کنند.شما نیز پی خواهید برد که اگر زبان کشوری که به آن سفر کرده اید را بدانید ، سفر شما بسیار هیجان انگیزتر و جذاب تر خواهد بود. بنابراین اگر می خواهید از فرصت های مسافرتی به کشورهای انگلیسی زبان لذت ببرید ، قبل از رفتن اقدام به یادگیری انگلیسی نمایید